Philip ii defeated athenians and thebans, cementing the primacy of macedonia over the greek poleis thanks to the contribution of his son alexander who immediately proves his value on the field. When philip swept south with his army in november 339, he hoped to rush the thebans into honouring their alliance and letting him through into attica. Todays marks the 2354th anniversary of the battle of chaeronea. The battle of chaeronea was fought in 338 bc, near the city of chaeronea in boeotia, between the macedonians led by philip ii of macedon and an alliance of. It was the battle of chaeronea, fought between philip ii of macedon and his son alexander, then only 18 years old, against a coalition of greek citystates lead by athens. Battle of chaeronea 338 bc resting place of the sacred band of thebes, who were wiped out by alexander the great and his father, philip ii. Battle of chaeronea, august 338 bc military history encyclopedia. Fourth phase image is authors work, based on maps from great battles of the hellenistic world. The thebans suffered 1,000 killed with 2,000 prisoners. The thebans listened instead to demosthenes and to their own instinct of selfpreservation.
Chaeronea was the site of several historical battles. Related maps map of greece at the beginning of the peloponnesian war 431 b. In this video i explain the incidents surrounding the battle of chaeronea between the thebans and the macedonians led by philip ii athenian. Year 338 bc was a year of the prejulian roman calendar. Shortly after this, king philip made the move he was anticipating for several hours, which would trigger the final phases of the battle on the plain before chaeronea.
Chaeronea was the final battle of this campaign, where philip ii and his son alexander claimed a decisive victory, effectively uniting greece under their control. The greek alliance became something formidable with the accession of thebes, and philip was forced, as a. By 338 bce, however, the athenians and thebans were starting to get on. History of battle the battle of chaeronea 338 bce youtube. The battle of chaeronea august 338 bc was the final major battle in the career of philip ii of macedon, and saw him defeat a greek alliance led by thebes and athens, in the process establishing his dominance over the states of central and southern greece philip was officially present in central greece in response to a call from the delphic amphictyony, for his help against amphissa fourth. Related links about the battle of chaeronea about philip ii about. In this lesson, well look at this battle and the impact the aftermath had on the world. Chaeronea is the site of the famous battle of chaeronea 338 bce phillip ii of macedons decisive defeat of the greek citystates.
Philip iis new army was no longer an army of citizensoldiers but one of professionals. This victory made philip the most powerful figure in greece. As a result of philip iis victory in the battle of. A religion, in the most quintessential meaning of the word. The battle of chaeronea august 338 bc was the final major battle in the career of philip ii of macedon, and saw him defeat a greek alliance led by thebes and athens, in the process establishing his dominance over the states of central and southern greece. Battle of chaeronea, battle in 338 bce at boeotia, central greece, in which philip ii of macedon, with his son alexander the great, defeated a coalition of greek. Feb 23, 2011 chaeronea is the site of the famous battle of chaeronea 338 bce phillip ii of macedons decisive defeat of the greek citystates. The history of ancient macedonia up to the time of. The battle was the culmination of philip s final campaigns in 339 338 bc and resulted in a decisive victory for the macedonians philip had brought peace to a wartorn greece in 346 bc. Philip ii wanted to conquer greece and since greece was weakened after the peloponnesian war. Battle of chaeronea last battle where philip ii and his son alexander claimed a decisive victory 336 bce. General epaminondas led thebans to defeat spartans. In 338 bce a battle took place to decide the fate, not only of greece, but of western civilisation although noone at the time could possibly understand the implications.
The cities of southern greece excluding sparta then combined against him, but philip crushed them at the battle of chaeronea, in 338 bce. Aug 29, 2018 alexander the great the rise of a legend season 1 complete ancient history duration. As a result of philip iis victory in the battle of chaeronea. Battle of chaeronea the great battles of history ars. Battle near thebes in 338 bce where the macedonians defeated the greeks from the various greek citystates and made them join an alliance against persia. Phillip commanded the right wing while his eighteenyear old son, alexander lead the left. The battle of chaeronea took place in 338 bce on an early august morning outside the town. He would prove this new military might at the battle of chaeronea. The battle was the culmination of philips campaign in greece 339338 bc and resulted in a decisive victory for the macedonians. The battle was the culmination of philip s final campaigns in 339 338 bc and resulted in.
Battle of chaeronea the great battles of history ars bellica. Credits courtesy of the united states military academy department of history. Among the greeks, the athenians, thebans, and the achaeans suffered the biggest losses. And there was their enemy thebans, athenians, and the rest of the allies from the boeotian federation. In 338 bc1, the macedonian army, led by king philip ii c. Philips 20yearold son alexander iii 356323 succeeded to the throne. Origins and history articles and definitions contents. At the time it was known as the year of the consulship of camillus and maenius or, less frequently, year 416 ab urbe condita. Mar 17, 2017 the battle of chaeronea occurred in 338 bc when king philip ii of macedon confronted a mixed greek army. Battle of chaeronea philip ii of macedons decisive.
Philip ii gained the throne of macedon in 359 bc and reorganized his army into a combined arms force. Greece will not regain its freedom from foreign occupation until early 19th century ad. Battle of chaeronea, battle in 338 bce at boeotia, central greece, in which philip ii of macedon, with his son alexander the great, defeated a coalition of greek citystates led by thebes and athens, heralding the beginning of macedonian domination in the region. In 338, athens and thebes allied and took up a position at chaeronea. The battle ended with a complete rout of the pontic army and a decisive victory for the romans. The sacred band of thebes an elite military unit famously fell at the battle of chaeronea in 338 bce against philip ii and alexander the great. Willekes abstract the battle of chaeronea, fought in 338 bce between philip of. Alexander the great and the battle of chaeronea thoughtco. In august 338, the macedonian king philip defeated an army of athenians and thebans on the plain of chaeronea, a town in central greece. Philip ii the war between the greek city states and macedonia became inevitable when, in 340, king philip of macedonia was besieging perinthus on the west bank of the sea of. Our mythic origin dates back to the year 338 bce and the battle of chaeronea. The battle was the culmination of philips final campaigns in 339338 bc and resulted in a decisive victory for the macedonians contents. To formalise his power he created the league of corinth, by which all member states agreed not to. He then set on a long diplomatic and military campaign to dominate the greek citystates.
Battle of chaeronea philip ii of macedons decisive victory. Battle of chaeronea 338 bc wikimili, the free encyclopedia. The name foot companions was used by phillip ii, father of alexander the great as an ancient recruiting method. Best known is that of 338 bce, between philip ii of macedon and a coalition of various greek states, mainly thebes and athens. The ancient roman and greek historians, consider the battle of chaeronea, on august 2nd, 338 bc as an end to greek liberty and history. The battle of chaeronea took place in 338 bce on an early august morning outside the town of chaeronea. The battle of chaeronea was against macedonia lead by philip ii and greek citystate alliances lead by athens and thebes. Alexanders cavalry charge at chaeronea, 338 bce matthew a. Battle of chaeronea 338 in 338 bce, philip ii of macedon supported by his son, alexander, defeated an alliance of greek citystates including athens and thebes. Philip ii the war between the greek city states and macedonia became inevitable when, in 340, king philip of macedonia was besieging perinthus on the west bank of the sea of marmara and the macedonians captured a food convoy headed for athens.
While the macedonian right wing pretended to retreat and lured the athenians the greek left wing to advance, a gap was created between the athenians and the thebans on the greek right wing. In response to their defeat, philip ii used his decisive victory to establish several policies. The battle of chaeronea is believed to have been fought around august 2, 338 bc during king philip iis wars with the greeks. Provided mounted flank support and attacking power for a macedonian army. This battle was fought on august 338 bce in boeotia, in the center of the greek territory. They first came to prominence during the reign of philip ii, particularly when they played such an important role in philips subjugation of greece at the battle of chaeronea in 338 bce. Battle of chaeronea, august 338 bc military history.
One angry athenian who truly understood this danger to athens, as well as to the rest of greece, was demosthenes. Philip iis new army was no longer an army of citizen. Battle of granicus may 334 bce weapons and warfare. The battle was the culmination of philip s campaign in greece 339 338 bc and resulted in a decisive victory for the macedonians. Fought near chaeronea, in boeotia, this was the greatest victory of philip ii of macedon. There, philip with 32,000 men defeated the smaller combined forces of athens and thebes, securing macedonian hegemony in greece. The battle of chaeronea was fought by the roman forces of lucius cornelius sulla and mithridates general, archelaus, near chaeronea, in boeotia, in 86 bc during the first mithridatic war. The pezhetairoi were the battalions of the macedonian phalanx. The denomination 338 bc for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the anno domini calendar era became the prevalent method in europe for. In this video i explain the incidents surrounding the battle of chaeronea between the thebans and the macedonians led by philip ii athenian and theban forces.
The battle of chaeronea took place in 338 bce on an early august morning. The battle of chaeronea in diodorus siculus ancient. Ancient thebes boeotia religionwiki fandom powered. The battle of chaeronea occurred in 338 bc when king philip ii of macedon confronted a mixed greek army. In the mycenaean period it attracted attention from the invading dorians, and the fact of their eventual conquest of thebes lies behind the stories of the successive legendary attacks on that city. Philip ii is depicted in the emblem of the 2nd support brigade of the hellenic army, stationed in kozani. The battle of chaeronea in diodorus siculus ancient history. Alexander the great the rise of a legend season 1 complete ancient history duration. He then formed his vanquished adversaries into the corinthian league, making himself its archon, or head, before being assassinated by his bodyguard. There, philip with 32,000 men defeated the smaller combined forces of athens and thebes, securing macedonian hegemony in. This was the last stand of the sacred band of thebes, an elite troop conformed by 150 couples of male lovers. The battle of chaeronea was fought in 338 bc, near the city of chaeronea in boeotia, between the macedonians led by philip ii of macedon and an alliance of some of the greek citystates led by athens and thebes. Philip ii appears in the battle of chaeronea in rome. The denomination 338 bc for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the anno domini calendar era became the prevalent method in europe for naming years.
Phillip ii of macedonia battled thebes, athens, and other greek citystates. The battle of chaeronea august 338 bc was the final major battle in the career of philip ii of macedon, and saw him. Jun 01, 2016 in this video i explain the incidents surrounding the battle of chaeronea between the thebans and the macedonians led by philip ii athenian and theban forces. It was fought near the city of chaeronea in boeotia. The battle was the culmination of philip s final campaigns in 339 338 bc and resulted in a decisive victory for the macedonians. Clashing on a plain near chaeronea, the battle was hotly contested until the kings son, the future alexander the great, led the decisive charge which broke the greek lines. Although for centuries the cities of athens and sparta dominated greece, politically, militarily. Pdf alexanders cavalry charge at chaeronea, 338 bce. Philip ii of macedon defeated athenians and thebans. The alliances forces met the macedonians at the battle of chaeronea 338 bce, where philip and his macedonians decisively defeated them. Battle of cannae battle of chaeronea the coffin texts. This battle implied the passing of the greek system of citystates and the substitution of large military monarchies. Battle of chaeronea, august 338 bce, battle in boeotia, central greece, in which philip ii of macedonia defeated a coalition of greek citystates led by thebes and athens. The site of this clash was near the boeotian city of chaeronea, which guarded the entry into the.
In the end, the strategy and fierce of philips son, alexander the great, made possible the. At this point philip still hoped to have thebes on his side. The battle of chaeronea was fought in 338 bc, near the city of chaeronea in boeotia, between the macedonians led by philip ii of macedon and an alliance of some of the greek citystates including athens and thebes. At chaeronea in boeotia north of corinth phillip and his allies from thessaly, epirus, aetolia, northern phocis and locrian defeated the combined forces of athens and thebes.
Two years before, philip had defeated the principal greek citystates in the battle of chaeronea in 338 and made himself master of all greece through the hellenic league, an essential step prior to his planned great enterprise of invading and conquering the persian empire. During the battle, the elite unit of theban soldiers known as the sacred band of thebes was wiped out completely see battle of chaeronea. Battle of chaeronea battle near thebes in 338 bce where the macedonians defeated the greeks from the various greek citystates and made them join an alliance against persia. By 339 bce, it was apparent that a final decisive battle against philip could not be avoided. As a result of philip iis victory in the battle of chaeronea, greece became united. The battle of chaeronea, 338 bc fast play rules for students. The victory, partly credited to philips 18yearold son alexander the great, cemented the macedonian hegemony in greece and ended effective military resistance to. Filippos veria, one of the most successful handball teams of greece, bears the name of philip ii.